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Dallas County pays $1.65 million to female jail guards over discriminatory time-off policy

Cadets enter the room in a line for the Dallas County Sheriff’s Academy class graduation Friday, March 15, 2024, at George Allen Civil Court Building in Dallas. The settlement comes after a federal appeals court ruled in 2023 that a former sheriff's department policy only allowing male detention officers to take full weekends off work was discriminatory.
Yfat Yossifor
/
KERA
A federal appeals court had found that Dallas County's gender-based scheduling policy for its detention officers was discriminatory. The county has paid out $1.65 million to nine current and former female detention officers in a settlement.

Dallas County approved a $1.65 million settlement this week with nine current and former female detention officers who sued the sheriff’s department over a former gender-based scheduling policy that a federal appeals court found discriminatory.

Weekend shifts for detention officers at the Dallas County Jail went from being determined by seniority to being determined by gender in 2019, according to the women’s lawsuit filed in the following year. Only male officers were allowed to take full weekends off.

County commissioners approved the settlement Tuesday, which came about after mediation following the appeals court ruling. After attorney fees and expenses, Debbie Stoxstell and Felesia Hamilton received $176,789 each — the highest share of the settlement among the plaintiffs.

The 2023 ruling made it significantly easier to succeed on discrimination claims within the United States Fifth Circuit, a federal court of appeals region that includes Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi. David Henderson, one of the plaintiffs’ attorneys, said the decision brings the Fifth Circuit in line with the rest of the country’s stance on employment discrimination.

“Some of our clients worked for Dallas County for over 20 years and were entitled to have the full weekend off,” Henderson said. “And it's a terrible slap in the face when you realize you're not going to be given the weekend off for something that you have no control over.”

The sheriff’s department did not respond to a request for comment. A spokesperson for the Dallas County District Attorney’s Office, which represented the sheriff’s department in this lawsuit, said the office cannot comment.

Senior Sergeant Christopher J. Dyer with the Dallas County Sheriff’s Association, an organization that advocates for fair treatment and compensation for sheriff’s department employees, said the policy arose as most sheriff’s department employees are female and there was a shortage of male detention officers during the week.

“They created a male seniority list and they created a female seniority list, which basically took away the weekends off for the more senior female officers,” Dyer said.

A sergeant said it was safer for men to take off during the weekends rather than during the week, according to the suit.

Although the women reported the policy to higher-ups, the policy allegedly remained in place at the time the suit was filed.

It led the officers to sue the sheriff's department for violating Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits discrimination against someone based on protected traits like their race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or national origin.

The DA’s office confirmed in court filings the policy was in place but denied it was discriminatory. The county alleged the scheduling changes were temporarily implemented because being male is a valid qualification for contact area positions involving male inmates, and assigning female jail guards would risk injury to jail employees and inmates. Also, a gender-based policy might be implemented for the privacy interests of jail inmates, the county alleged.

“The County made all employment decisions relative to Plaintiffs for legitimate, non-discriminatory, and non-retaliatory business reasons,” attorneys wrote.

But Dyer said the rule didn’t make sense.

“These ladies work in housing,” he said. “They don't work in processing. So, that doesn't really play as much of a part as somebody that works in, like, intake or release, where you're processing people.”

A lower court previously dismissed the case in 2020 because of legal precedent. U.S. District Court Judge David Godbey decided the women had not proven any adverse employment action was taken against them, such as being fired or denied a promotion.

The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals initially agreed. But upon second review by a full panel of the court’s judges in an en banc hearing, the appeals court ruled in 2023 the policy violated the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The judges found their interpretation of what constitutes an "adverse employment action" was too narrow and relied on “fatally flawed foundations.”

Under their new interpretation, a person can successfully accuse an employer of discrimination even if it only has to do with the terms, conditions, or privileges of their employment.

Dyer said the captain and chief that implemented the time-off policy were no longer with the department after current leadership took over.

“The quality of your job as to whether you have a weekend off or you don't have a weekend off or you can be forced to do different things plays a big part in whether somebody feels happy with your job or not,” he said. “Realistically, no decision should ever be based on somebody's sex.”

This ruling and others like it won’t be affected by President Donald Trump’s recent revocation of an executive order that prohibited federal contractors from discriminating based on protected identity factors like gender.

Got a tip? Email Marina Trahan Martinez at mmartinez@kera.org and Toluwani Osibamowo at tosibamowo@kera.org. You can follow Marina at @HisGirlHildy and Toluwani at @tosibamowo on X.

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Marina Trahan Martinez is KERA's Dallas County government accountability reporter. She's a veteran journalist who has worked in the Dallas area for many years. Prior to coming to KERA, she was on The Dallas Morning News Watchdog investigative and accountability team with Dave Lieber. She has written for The New York Times since 2001, following the 9/11 attacks. Many of her stories for The Times focused on social justice and law enforcement, including Botham Jean's murder by a Dallas police officer and her subsequent trial, Atatiana Jefferson's shooting death by a Fort Worth police officer, and protests following George Floyd's murder. Marina was part of The News team that a Pulitzer finalist for coverage of the deadly ambush of Dallas police officers in 2016.


Toluwani Osibamowo covers law and justice for KERA News. She joined the newsroom in 2022 as a general assignments reporter. She previously worked as a news intern for Texas Tech Public Media and copy editor for Texas Tech University’s student newspaper, The Daily Toreador, before graduating with a bachelor’s degree in journalism. She was named one of Current's public media Rising Stars in 2024. She is originally from Plano.